Located on a farm six kilometres from St. Louis, Saskatchewan, this home was occupied until about 1960. The original lean-to was torn down; the flat river-stone foundation is still visible.

Flight-Lieutenant Doug Sam in Kuala Lumpur, 1950-1951.

“Bible Bill” Aberhart’s quirky Man from Mars radio series addressed social issues.

The only known photograph of the author’s grandfather, James Francis De Brou (1900-1953), taken from a video of home movies shot in the 1950s by the author’s father (James Francis, Junior).

France Rivet's book, published in 2014, documents the story of the Labrador Inuit who died while being exhibited at zoos in Europe in 1880–1881.

According to Calgary Police records, Cyr was arrested four times between 1913 and 1917, twice for vagrancy and twice for drunkenness. Her 1916 arrest for vagrancy ended in a sixty-day sentence with hard labour.

"Private Lamb has a Quiet Afternoon in the Canteen," British Columbia, December 1, 1942.

First page of a letter written by Willie McKnight to his friend Mike in Calgary not long after he arrived in England for training with the RAF.

Canadian soldiers display a Nazi flag captured after the liberation of France.

Contact! by Ted Zuber. This painting represents an event that took place on October 23-24, 1952, at "Little Gibraltor" Hill, Korea, in which friendly fire was called in to help stop Chinese soldiers from overrunning Canadian positions.

"First Kill" depicts the artist, Ted Zuber, making his first hit as a sniper in Korea.

Arrival of Madame Champlain at Quebec 1620, painting by Frank Craig, 1909.

Helen (Jury) Armstrong was born in 1875, the eldest daughter of ten children, to a Toronto tailor. In 1897, she married George Armstrong.

Scottish-born and educated, James Douglas spent most of his medical career in Quebec City after he was forced to flee the United States for illegally conducting dissection experiments.

Maria Lindsey Cobham’s bloodthirsty exploits were too horrible to believe.

Samuel and Jane Nesbitt of Victoria, circa 1865. Jane Nesbitt, like most of the bride-ship girls, soon became married after her arrival in British Columbia.

Blanche Lemko von Ginkel received her degree from McGill University in 1945 and subsequently studied at Le Corbusier in Paris, a hub of European Modernism.

"De la salle des femmes de Hôtel-Dieu de Montreal."

John Zubek works in his lab at the University of Manitoba in this undated photo.

The asylum at 999 Queen Street West photographed in 1868.

Coin of Newfoundland

Sir Francis Galton coined the term eugenics in 1883. In his influential 1869 book, Hereditary Genius, he proposed a program similar to agricultural breeding programs, in which individuals’ pedigrees and race would identify those “most valuable.”

Bonds were issued by the American Fenian movement around 1865. They were issued to raise money for the cause of liberating Ireland.

Area claimed by France in North America in 1750.

Church and Horse, 1964.

Refugees at Bidong, Malaysia, circa 1979.

The New Way: 300 pairs a day, 1880 John Henry Walker (1831-1899).

Avro’s motion picture section filmed every detail of the Arrow’s development.

Illustrated poster.

The original Bluenose sails close-hauled during her first racing series in 1921.

Tee Yee Neen Ho Ga Row (Hendrick), Emperor of the Six Nations. Hendrick was the leader of the delegation.

Prince Rupert, circa 1641-42, when he was about 23 years old. Painting by Gerrit van Honthorst.

A drawing of the Rocky Mountain locust in 1902, around the time it went extinct.

Annapolis lighthouse, Nova Scotia.

Mark Twain Niagara graphic novel sampler.

December 1927 article featuring a front-page feature story about a professional genealogist.

Postcard, 1929 by Tarsila do Amaral, Brazil, 1886-1973.

A spectre at your service.

Alf Shrubb followed by Tom Longboat.

An artist’s rendition of a group of Beothuk hunting birds on an island.

St Peter's Basilica: the Canonization of Kateri Tekakwitha, Rome, Italy by Pope Benedict XVI. Kateri's image is the far left.

Women — such as these welders at a Canadian WW1 munitions factory — were seen as too "delicate" to handle the responsibilities of being voters.

Fathers of Confederation 1864, by John Bradford MacCallum.

Sir John A. Macdonald, 1877.

Feeling the Heat in Montreal: Arena fire, corner Wood Avenue & Western, Westmount, QC, 1917.

Sailing around the island at sunset.

Captain James Cook portait by Nathaniel Dance-Holland.

Numbered bricks used in the reconstruction of the King Eddy Hotel in Calgary.

Mabel May was one of four women artists commissioned by the Canadian War Memorials Fund to depict female munitions workers. After visiting a factory, May captures the “avenues of clanking, grinding, clashing machines.”

Advertisements for the corset illustrated the virtues that this undergarment held for some. Print by commercial illustrator John Henry Walker.

Portrait of William Still sitting at a table.

Supporters of the Red Ensign at a Legion convention in Winnipeg in May of 1964.

There are British and American versions of the Book. The British version here, which appears to be the original, is written in ink in a large ledger of about 156 pages. For each person entered, details run horizontally across two facing pages.

Louis Riel, 1880.

Nellie McClung circa 1920s.

George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

Thompson was travelling in North Dakota, near Turtle Hill (now called the Killdeer Mountains), when a storm blew in on December 10, 1797.

16/20 for Alexander Mackenzie. He took great risks and explored the most area of these five, but other contenders had bigger impact.

Samuel de Champlain, known as the “Father of New France,” established Quebec City in 1608 and laid the foundation of Canada.

Klondike Kate: "We wore tights in those days. If we hadn't the Mounted Police would have run us out of the country."

A Hudson’s Bay Company cinematographer films the Nascopie for the company’s anniversary film Romance of the Far Fur Country in 1919.

An artist's rendition of a planned Inuit Art Centre in the Winnipeg Art Gallery for the world's largest collection of Inuit art.

Happy walkers wave and smile during the Miles for Millions march in Vancouver on May 3, 1969.

Tenth anniversary postcard commemorating the Colombo Plan mailed on June 28, 1961.

Helping heroes

An undated photo of Fort Beausejour in New Brunswick shows a restored wall and musuem. Originally built in 1751, the fort was one of Canada’s first identified historic sites. Today it is known as Fort Beausejour-Fort Cumberland National Historic Site.

Arriving in August 1610, the first Europeans in Newfoundland settled at a place they named Cupers Cove, know today as Cupids. In 1997, an archaeological excavation crew uncovered & mapped the dwelling house.

Forced to end his run after cancer spread to his lungs, Terry Fox prepares to board a flight from Thunder Bay, ON, to his home in British Columbia on September 2, 1980. Nearby, Terry's parents are embraced by Bill Vigars of the Canadian Cancer Society.

This reconstruction German stoneware Bellarmine bottle was found in pieces inside the dwelling house. It dates around 1650.

Top left quadrant of map, showing Prince County.

Excavation of the floor of a brewery malt house constructed in 1852, which occupied the palace site until 1970.

Archaeologist Rob Ferguson excavating a well at an Acadian farm site near, Greenwich, P.E.I., in 2004.

Miniature slate ulu blade discovered at the site of a Labrador Inuit house in 2005. Nain carvers fashioned similar blades to be worn on earrings and pendants.

Antler awl made by grinding the tip of an antler to a fine point. The awl was used to punch small holes in pieces of leather.

Stanislaus Lacroix is hanged in what is believed to be the last publicly viewed execution in Canada. It took place March 21, 1902, in Hull, Quebec.

King John endorses Magna Carta in 1215. While this illustration shows him signing with a quill pen, he actually affixed a wax seal to the document.

Roman Catholic Church in Belleville, Ontario, circa 1855.

Minutes before takeoff, an amateur photographer took the above picture of the Canadian Pacific Airlines DC-3 that would take Rita Morel and 22 other passengers and crew to their deaths.

From 1928 to 1957, men and women couldn’t drink together.

Artist Kenneth John Petts’ conception of the “living snowman of Grindstone Island” from a 1984 edition of Look and Learn.

A close view of four sternwheelers, landed at Fort Selkirk on the Yukon River, around 1900. From left to right are the, Whitehorse, the Selkirk, the Dawson, and the Tyrell.

Belinda Mulrooney made a fortune in the Yukon.

A student at Kawenni:io Private School on the Six Nations of the Grand River Reserve practises his spelling.

Controversy surrounded Charles E. Courtney’s races with Ned Hanlan.

For former CFL quarterback Ken Ploen, now seventy-two, playing in the Fog Bowl was “strange and unusual.”

Twenty-year-old Selwyn Blaylock in his first year of employment at Canadian Smelting Works (later CM&S Co.) in 1899.

Justice Minister Charles Doherty (right) authored the War Measures Act in 1914. He is pictured with General David Watson in Belgium in 1919.

Before the advent of the secret ballot in 1874, candidates for legislatures appeared before electors who stood and openly voiced their choices, as indicated in this watercolour of an election at Perth, Upper Canada, in 1828.

If Caroline Reid’s death registration is correct, then Malcolm Reid’s birth registration must be wrong (next slide).

The Burning of the Parliament Building in Montreal, a painting attributed to Joseph Légaré, about 1849.

Jim Christie gave her the clothes and the dog.

Great Auk, from The Birds of Canada by John James Audubon, 1838. The great auk was one of many birds on Funk Island that provided fresh food to sailors weary of stale provisions after the long Atlantic voyage.

Boris Karloff as Frankenstein's monster.

Sound engineer Douglas Shearer shows his sister, Academy Award-winning actor Norma Shearer, a wax disk recording of her voice.

Mary Pickford postcard.

In a heart-breaking scene toward the end of the film, Homer (Harold Russell) confesses to his girlfriend Wilma (Cathy O'Donell) that he doesn't believe she could feel the same way about him.

Mary Pickford at the camera.

Knud Rasmussen, centre, with Arnarulunguaq, left, and Miteq, right, in front of their sled at Point Barrow, Alaska, in May 1924 near the end of their great journey across the North. Photo from Den Store Slaederejse, by Knud Rasmussen.

Dr. Wilfrid Derome was a perfectionist with a sharp scientific mind. His expert testimony was crucial in many Montreal trials in the 1920s and 1930s.

While assisting the investigation of a suspicious death, Professor Henry Holmes Croft made forensic history through his analysis of the gruesome contents contained in an ordinary pickling jar.

Constable Benton Fraser, played by Paul Gross, and his wolfdog Diefenbaker in "Due South."

A.G. Irving, commissioner of the Force from 1880 to 1886, had little praise for Dickens.

The case of the Beryl G came at an opportune time for Vancouver’s Inspector Cruickshank. His previous case had been messy, scandalous and unsolved — a little distance from the fallout would be good.

The official group photo of the first cohort of female Mounties, March 3, 1975.

Vancouver activist and former city councillor Jim Green sees value in the city’s heritage hotels.

A group of Snag residents defy the elements, February 1947. The first three men in back row, from left, are Max Bowitz, Gordon Toole, and Wilf Blezard.

Lome Street looking south, showing the Metropolitan Methodist church, the Y.W.C.A. and the Public Library. Citizens survey the damage after the storm.

Evidence from Hudson Bay region of severe cold in the summer of 1816.

Buffalo Hunting, Western Prairie, 1840, by Sir Henry James Warre, 1819–1898.

Martin Frobisher (Released 1968) A very hardy, vigorous, upright rose that suckers freely, flowers well and is relatively disease-free. The blush-pink blooms are semidouble and slightly fragrant, but the bush habit is very open and sparse.

April 2, 1914: Rescuers from the SS Bellaventure carry dead and injured sealers from the SS Newfoundland on stretchers.

Radisson & Groseilliers, an oil on canvas painting by Frederic Remington done for Collier’s magazine.

George Cartwright, southern Labrador, 1770s. His hat, gloves, and breeches are English, but his waist sash, snowshoes, footwear, and painted jacket are Innu. On his back is a fox trap, with fox and hatchet slung over his shoulder.

A Blackfoot ceremonial bundle, 1926. The religious life of the Blackfoot centered upon medicine bundles and their associated rituals. These bundles often originated from an encounter with a supernatural spirit.

Neighbour to Neighbour.

Views of the garden planted by Mr. and Mrs. J.J. Wood at Moose Factory.

Apple tasting @ Spadina Museum.

A Japanese-Canadian soldier in 1917.

Canadian soldiers study a German plan of the beach during the D-Day landing operations.

The Blizzard, 1858, by Cornelius Krieghoff. The artist's depiction of a harsh winter in Quebec could also have applied to the long winters of 1816 to 1818.

Ethel Rogers as a student at about age 21, circa 1925.

July 21, 1836: The Dorchester is the first train to travel a public railroad in Canada.

British dirigible R-100 moored at St. Hubert Airport.

Dr. Louis Slotin at work, date and location unknown.

The Romany children intrigued the people of Peterborough, who rushed to get a glimpse of the strangers in their midst.

Headlines from the Daily Star.

1909 Canada West magazine Cover

An 1844 lithograph depicting a buffalo hunt on the prairies.

Wilfrid Laurier in 1874, the first year he won election to the House of Commons as a Liberal MP.

Interned aliens at the ice palace they built at Banff, Alberta, during a winter carnival in 1917.

Sergeant Lew E. Weekes of the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit taking cine pictures beside a shell damaged building near Hoogerheide, Netherlands, 15 October 1944.

Canadian Ranger Josephie Kiguktak fires his .303 Lee Enfield rifle as Ranger staff and fellow Rangers look on at Grise Fiord, Nunavut, 1988.

Putting these stones in position must have been comparatively easy. But why was it done?

Some seven thousand people attended the funeral of Peter V. Verigin on a hillside overlooking Brilliant, B.C.

The Montreal Maroons with the Stanley Cup in 1935.

Drawn by Italian Giacomo Gastaldi and first published in 15577, twenty years after our Tudor tourists' misadventure, this map of Newfoundland acknowledges in its illustration the early importance of the fishery.

The Tilikum embarking on its voyage from Oak Bay Victoria in May 1901.

Cabin Number Eight on the Yukon Telegraph line.

The army or the police were often called to deal with election unrest, as on this occasion near the Montreal courthouse in winter 1860.

Lord Elgin and Staff leaving Government House for Parliament, April 1849. Drawing by Francis Augustus Grant, about 1849.

Executives of CM&S Co. in 1910, from left: John F. Miller, Selwyn Blaylock, W.H. Aldridge, and T.W. Bingay.

The Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Hamilton Tiger-Cats play at Toronto’s Exhibition Stadium during the 1962 Grey Cup.

Ned Hanlan, Canadian Illustrated News, October 1878.

Author Pierre Berton in Dawson City in July of 1982.

Students of Kawenni:io Private School give a presentation to members of the Six Nations of the Grand River Reserve in southern Ontario.

The Hudson's Bay Company store and residence at Fort Selkirk, Yukon, around 1946. The photograph was taken from aboard a sternwheeler.

An illustration by C.L. Doughty of the Wasp foundering off the Magdalen Islands, from a 1984 edition of Look and Learn.

Canada has strict laws on how many coins you can use in one transaction.

Royal Tour of 1901 poses on train cowcatcher during a stop in Glacier, British Columbia.

Albert Guay and his wife Rita Morel, during happier times.

A 1225 copy of Magna Carta from Durham Cathedral in England. Numerous copies of the charter were created and distributed throughout england. Note how the seal is attached to the document.

In 2003, archaeologists Scott Buchanan, Helen Evans and Rob Ferguson uncovered the top course of stones leading to an ancient well at the Oudy site.

Hastings County Courthouse and Gaol, Belleville, circa 1870, watercolour and graphite on paper, by George Ackerman (1803-1891).

Bone awl created by sharpening a bone splinter into a fine point. It has been heavily polished, presumably from being handled over a long period.

Miniature sealing harpoon heads were found beneath a sleeping platform in one of the Inuit houses. The style dates to the late 15th century.

Top right quadrant of map.

Late 17th century illustration of the first Palais de l'Intendant.

Almost 500 years ago, pioneering groups of Inuit began to establish their winter villages on Labrador's coast, relocating from the High Arctic. Archaeologist Peter Whitridge has been excavating the village sites to shed light on this period of history.

The cellar beneath the storehouse at the Cupids site was carefully excavated, revealing the depths of one of the oldest European buildings built on North American soil.

Ten-year-old Greg Scott walks with Terry Fox at Terrace Bay, Ontario, in late August 1980. The two became instant friends. Like Terry, Greg died in 1981 when cancer spread to his lungs.

J.B. Harkin in 1937, as photographed by Yousuf Karsh.

Norman Bethune

From the From the Land: Materials & Message in Inuit Art Exhibition at the Winnipeg Art Gallery, 2014.

A child receives an injection in Bangladesh, one of the Colombo Plan’s member countries.

Marchers in Calgary hold up a banner for famine-stricken Biafra on November 3, 1968.

A hunting scene from Nanook of the North.

17/20 for David Thompson. He was solid in all areas, but got full marks for his respect and appreciation of Aboriginal traditions and practices.

In this painting, Thompson's men drag in to camp a man who went missing during the December 10 storm.

Robert Bylot completed five early journeys to Canada from 1610 to 1616 exploring Baffin Bay and Hudson’s Bay (where he also left Henry Hudson).

Yukoners in Dyea Canyon Alaska: Mr. Williams, Belinda Mulrooney, John Lee, Dan Fraser, Bob Menzie, Gus Biegler, Ed Hutchinson, Mr. Williams, Cleve Gillett, Marlin Mosier, and Bert Bower.

James J. Hill

McClung with her children in Manitou, Manitoba. Jack is seated on the horse, far right.

Battle of Fish Creek by lithographic artist Fred W. Curzon, 1885.

C-GEAU plane

Minister Lester B. Pearson, wearing his military service medals, addresses the 1964 Legion convention.

Richard Gallion, president of the Black Loyalist Heritage Society in Shelburne, Nova Scotia, is among the thousands of Nova Scotians who can find their ancestors’ names among the three thousand recorded in the Book of Negroes.

The centre corset is made for a child. Mid-eighteenth century-America.

Iroquois Chiefs from the Six Nations Reserve reading Wampum belts.

To make Canadians understand the horrors of war, Frederick Varley depicted what the conflict was really like. Although the rainbow could be seen as a symbol of hope, the foreground shows deceased members of a German gun crew.

Captain James Cook meets Nootka leaders at Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island in 1778, by C.W. Jefferys.

Laurie Gourlay, right, is the co-founder of the Vancouver Island Province Association.

King Edward Hotel as it appears before reconstruction.

Dion Johnstone as William Still.

Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King places a wreath during an event in Kingston, Ontario, on June 7, 1941, to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of Sir John A. Macdonald’s death.

A Surprise Defeat: In 1938, Earl Siebert and the Chicago Black Hawks defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs in the Stanley Cup Final.

John A Macdonald addresses the Fathers of Confederation in a painting by John David Kelly.

Women learning to shoot near Toronto circa 1915. Women were seen as too "vulnerable" to be burdened with the right to vote.

A view of the town of Plouha.

Map of the Exploits River, Newfoundland, and Beothuk villages along the riverbank, 1773.

Canadians attending the Canonization of Kateri Tekakwitha in Rome, Italy.

Tom Longboat and his trainer share a meal.

La cueva del Guácharo, 1874 by Ferdinand Bellerman. Born 1814, Erfurt, Germany; died 1889, Berlin, Germany

Author Paul Jones.

Mark Twain portrait.

Staff of the Banff Springs Hotel in 1963. Longtime bellhop Sam McAuley, seated in the centre, reputedly still haunts the hotel.

Henry Island lighthouse, Nova Scotia.

Prince Rupert, right, with his brother, Charles Louis, in a 1637 painting by Anthony Van Dyck.

Etow Oh Koam (Nicholas), King of the River Nation. Nicholas was Mahican, the others were Mohawk.

An artist’s drawing of an Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow. (Artist unknown)

Unloading silk bales from the Achilles at the port of Vancouver in 1927.

Captain Angus Walters (back row, third from left) and crew pose on the deck of the Bluenose in this undated photo.

UNHCR chartered helicopter transports a Canadian refugee selection team to a refugee camp on to remote Anambas Island, Indonesia.

The Belleville Pottery Co. Float at the Labour Day Parade.

Horse and Train, 1954.

The Battle of Eccles Hill

Dr. Joseph Workman, circa 1830.

Dr. Helen MacMurchy had an influential career in public health, championing mental and physical health of women, children, and the disadvantaged.

The Great Depression bankrupted Newfoundland and people faced starvation. Confronted with rising social unrest, the Newfoundland government approached Britain for aid.

Sample diagram for experiments involving rats or cats.

Vienna-born Eva Hollo Vecsei came to Canada in the wake of the 1957 Hungarian revolution. Vescei was trained as an architect in postwar Eastern Europe, where women architects were more common than in the West.

Men greatly outnumbered women in 1860s British Columbia. The 1865 painting, "Bar in a Mining Camp, B.C." by William George Richardson Hind, illustrates the troubling situation of the day.

A 1717 map of Atlantic Canada created by Jean Frédéric Bernard. The Cobhams were based at Sandy Point, on the south-west coast of Newfoundland (Terre Neuve).

A sketch of an Inuit family in a hut. The hut was built as part of the Inuit exhibit at the European zoo.

Helen was also a woman whose opinions were made loud and clear, as expressed in many contemporary newspapers.

Champlain, fires his arquebus into a crowd of Iroquois as his Huron allies pelt their enemies with arrows, in this engraving attributed to the famed French explorer. The attack took place in 1609.

"Holding at Kap-Yong" — The Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry distinguished itself in this battle.

Canadian Private Heath Matthews shows signs of exhaustion as he waits to be treated for facial wounds sustained in a night battle in June 1952.

"Molly Lamb Enters the Army," British Columbia, November 22, 1942

Willie McKnight, one of the Canadian pilots who served during the Battle of Britain, in 1940.

Houses of ill repute located near railway track approximately fifty metres north of the railway bridge over Bow River in Calgary.

Joseph Painchaud was a Quebec doctor and surgeon who befriended James Douglas when the latter took up Canadian residence. After the Marine and Emigrant Hospital opened in 1834, he was taken on by Douglas and worked there until his death in 1871.

James Francis Debrou, Junior (Dave's father).

Destitute family in Edmonton, Alberta, return to Saskatoon from the Peace River country.

Remains of a staircase leading to the second floor of the St. Louis home.

Three years after the death of Peter V. Verigin, his son Peter P. Verigin arrived in British Columbia from Soviet Russia to assume leadership of the Doukhobors. The son of Peter V. Verigin’s divorced first wife, he was estranged from his father.

In the ceiling inside the tunnel adjacent to the Bole Building is a manhole cover that opens into the middle of the River Street sidewalk. Note the two railway tracks that support the ceiling.

Montreal Maroons players in a cigarette ad.

Rattenbury was fifty-six when he met Alma Pakenham in 1923. He had had a decade of career reverses and his marriage had turned sour. She seemed to him like a new lease on life. Coincidentally, his architectural career had begun to revive.

This photo clearly shows two stones placed one upon the other under a corner of the boulder.

Canadian Ranger Eli Weetaluktuk brings back the catch near Inukjuak, Nunavik, along the eastern shore of Hudson Bay in Quebec.

Infantrymen of the 48th Highlanders of Canada dealing with a German counterattack, San Leonardo di Ortona, Italy, 10 December 1943.

Peter Rinsbacher's 1822 painting of Assiniboine people hunting buffalo with bows.

Relief camp dining hall workers pause before serving a meal. Workers were usually well fed.

Zoe Lafontaine, Laurier's wife, in 1878.

The Roma, or gypsies as they were called then, travelled by horse-drawn wagon in 1909.

Vapaus staff, 1927. Editor Aaro Vaara (seated, middle) would spend only another five years in Canada.

1913 Canada West magazine Cover

The young scientist poses on the plinth of the Nelson column, London, circa 1934.

John Edlund inside his life-preserving valise.

Logan's Octant, a precisely machined survey instrument for measuring angles up to 45 degrees.

10 Août 1876: Alexander Graham Bell, illustré ci-dessus, fut celui qui reçut le premier appel à longue distance au monde.

Ethel Rogers in China while on her world tour, 1933.

The cloudy skies of Weymouth Bay, 1816, by John Constable, suggest volcanic dust from the Tambora volcano.

Official start of development work on Île Sainte-Hélène and Île Notre- Dame, August 12, 1963, attended by Montreal mayor Jean Drapeau, archbishop of Prime Minister Lester Pearso.

Immigrants deported from Canada, 1912.

Lt. John MacIsaac (left), Royal Canadian Artillery, discusses D-Day fire plan tactics with Bombardier Charles Zerowel aboard a landing ship tank, in Southampton, June 4, 1944.

Views of the garden planted by Mr and Mrs J.J. Wood at Moose Factory.

Eldon Yellowhorn is Blackfoot born and raised in the tiny town of Brocket on the Peigan reserve of southwestern Alberta. He grew up learning traditional lore from elders as well as what archaeologists were discovering about his heritage.

Tecumseh

Turnip harvest in the snow, Hebron, circa 1885. Having access to fresh food and reducing reliance on costly imported goods encouraged pioneers in Labrador to experiment with gardens.

Place d’Armes Square and Bank of Montreal, about 1910.

Jens Munk (Released 1974) A rugosa hybrid with an upright arching form. The blooms are semi-double, medium-pink and fragrant. It flowers freely in June, has an excellent flush in the fall and some bloom inbetween.

An excerpt from the Fort George journal, September 27 and 28, 1816: "None of the Grass, or anything else has come to perfection this season," it says.

September 1889, the “Champlain Street Disaster” – a landslide buried the homes of almost thirty families in its path.

Path of Death. Legend to area damaged by the storm.

My grandfather’s cousin, Thomas Dawson, being helped off the SS Bellaventure after spending two nights stranded on the ice floes.

Map of area where Snag is located.

Hotel Balmoral in modern day.

Owen (Cannonball) Baker (right) on his way to Vancouver for trial. He would be one of two men hanged at Okalla Prison for the murder of the Beryl G#&8217;s captain and his son.

In 1975, Donna Burns became engaged to a fellow Mountie, Ronald Morse. The couple caused headaches for RCMP brass because the force had no policy dealing with marriage between two officers.

Big Bear, chief of the Plains Cree, considered Dickens a fair man. Because of this, the Cree promised the inhabitants of Fort Pitt a safe retreat in return for their surrender.

Collage of a national icon, images from popular media.

A true Renaissance man, Henry Holmes Croft’s interests extended beyond the sciences. He was an accomplished pianist and a member of the Philharmonic Society, among other organizations.

Author Stephen R. Bown

Faye Wray in King Kong.

Dr. Wilfrid Derome in 1915, during his first year of operating the Laboratoire de recherches médico-légales at 179 Craig Street East.

Homer lets down his guard and reminisces with Butch (played by Hoagy Carmichael), owner of the drinking parlour he'd frequented before the war.

Gladys Louise Smith began her theatre career at age eight. She supported her mother and two siblings by performing in theatre troupes. In 1907 she changed her name to Mary Pickford.

Douglas Shearer (right), Greta Garbo, and William Daniels on the set of Anna Christie in 1930.

William Pratt, more familiarly known as Boris Karloff.

Henry Wise Wood, president of the United Farmers of Alberta from 1916 to 1931, declined to become premier though he played a strong role in determining the government of Alberta’s policies and programs.

Dave De Brou, author, stands beside his grandfather’s unmarked grave in St. James Cemetery in Toronto. He taught Canadian history and specialized in Quebec.

Built in 1894 in Duck Lake, Saskatchewan, this Métis folk house is one of the few still inhabited today.

In 1845, Douglas had 81 mentally ill men and women, who had previously been languishing in prisons and hospitals in Trois-Rivieres, Montreal, and Quebec, to the asylum.

Alice Jamieson, Calgary, 1913. Jamieson’s first legal appointment, in 1914, was as judge of a juvenile court.

An 1886 drawing of the shaman Tigianniak (left), his wife Paingu,and daughter Nuggasak, who were among the Labrador Inuit who toured Europe in 1880–1881

"Fall Fashions of 1943," September 1942.

Allied pilots run to their aircraft during the Battle of Britain.

Former Canadian POWs enroute to a dressing station. Len Badowich is fifth from left.

"Incoming" depicts a Canadian position under attack by Chinese forces in Korea.

Champlain’s 1632 book, "Les Voyages de la Nouvelle France occidentale, dicte Canada."

George Armstrong, who was born on a farm in Ontario in 1870, met Helen in her father's Toronto tailor shop.

Amor De Cosmos. The photo was taken between 1872 and 1874.

Donald Hebb, head of the psychology department at McGill University, became a pioneer in sensory deprivation research in the 1950s.

"L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec," by Francesco Iacurto, 1938.

George Brown, editor of "The Globe"

After long being regarded by Britain as a fishing base, not a colony, Newfoundland was in 1824 granted a civilian governor and an appointed legislative council. In 1832, an elected council began sitting with the appointed body.

Board of Directors, United Farm Workers of Alberta, 1921 (with Margaret Gunn, sixth from the left, on chair arm). Founded in 1914, the UFWA was an influential lobby group with interests in education, health care, and women’s rights.

And now for something completely different: on governance from "Monty Python and the Holy Grail"

"Fenian Raid," John Henry Walker (1831–1899) about 1870.

Living Room, 1999-2000.

Refugees and immigration workers at Galang Refugee Camp on Galang Island in Indonesia, 1980.

Location of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.

Soldiers receive mail from home. The letters they wrote back were censored.

Steveston Salmon Strike, July 1900

Bluenose crosses the finish line to win the 1931 International Fishermen’s Trophy series and defend the championship against the Gertrude L. Thebaud.

Standing in the hold of a ship waiting for the crane.

The official rollout of the Avro Arrow at Malton, Ontario, in 1957.

Ho Nee Yeath Taw No Row (John), King of Generethgarich. The wolf at his feet represents his clan.

Prince Rupert, circa 1670, when he was about 51 years old and became the first governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. Portrait from the studio of Sir Peter Lely.

Sandy Point lighthouse, Nova Scotia.

Saving Mark Twain.

Cotopaxi, 1855 by Frederic Edwin Church. United States, 1826-1900.

Fancy footwork frightens visitors at the Bytown Museum.

Canadian runners Tom Longboat, Abbie Wood and A. Meadows with American runner Bill Queal. The men participated in a sports exhibition at Ebbets Field, Brooklyn, New York City on July 26, 1913.

"Lily of the Mohawks"

A compilation comparing the shapes and designs of carved Beothuk bone pendants with the feet and feathers of sea birds.

All that remains of the House of Alphonse.

It was OK for women to work side by side with men in the fields but they were seen as too "weak" to withstand the rough and tumble of politics.

An 1878 bust of Macdonald portrays him in Roman dress.

Who Cancelled the Stanley Cup? The Globe prints an article announcing that the Stanley Cup is cancelled.

Sir John A. Macdonald in 1883.

Vancouver Island issued its own stamp in 1865.

Slaves working in the fields.

Nineteenth century engraving by John Henry Walker illustrates a booth set up by the Crompton Corset Company at an exhibition to promote its wares.

Man of Nootka Sound by John Webber, an artist who accompanied Captain James Cook on his voyages.

Construction of the new National Music Centre.

Ernest Fosbery painted Sgt. Tommy Holmes, looking much younger than his 20 years. Around the time Holmes earned his medal, Fosbery recommended that a “Canadian series of portraits be done by Canadian artists.”

Beaver pelts like this were used as currency in the 1600s.

The new Canadian Maple Leaf flag is raised for the first time at the Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings on February 15, 1965.

Lindy's plane.

Gabriel Dumont, military commander of the Metis forces during the North-West Rebellion, circa 1880s.

One copy of the Book of Negroes, a hand-written, bound list of black passengers leaving New York on British ships in 1783 during the American Revolutionary War, is stored at the Nova Scotia Archives in Halifax.

John Stewart Kennedy

Having run out of food, Thompson, his men, and his dogs suffer hunger and weakness until they manage to shoot at buffalo on December 12, 1797.

Dutch Kid: Dawson dance hall girl... note on image says she became a nurse. Possibly also known as Kate Wilson.

In 1793 Alexander Mackenzie completed the first overland journey across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.

13/20 for Lady Jane Franklin. She covered a lot of ground (and water), but was not so advanced with aboriginal relations or taking risks.

Button souvenir.

Nanook, his wife Nyla, and Bob Stewart, Port Harrison post manager.

From the From the Land: Materials & Message in Inuit Art Exhibition at the Winnipeg Art Gallery, 2014.

A diesel locomotive is loaded at a pier at St. John’s, Newfoundland, in March 1958 as part of the Canadian government’s participation in the Colombo Plan.

John Humphrey

The gateway to Rocky Mountains Park at Exshaw, Alberta, in 1916. Cars gradually replaced horses as the main form of transporation in parks.

Billy Patterson raised $150 for the Marathon of Hope.

Posts of the 1690 palisade during excavation.

Tin-glazed apothecary jar fragment found behind the chimney at the dwelling house. It dates to between 1580 and 1640.

Bottom left quadrant of map, showing Queens County.

In August 2003, Greg Beaton, Mark Penney and Susie Merkuratsuk excavated the second od 15 sod winter houses at the Nachvak VIllage site.

Bone bead was made by cutting off a section of a hollow bone.

Images of King John's Magna Carta seal, shown from both sides.

Fragments of the exploded plane were presented at trial as part of the Crown's evidence against Albert Guay.

When the constable taking the Aylwards to jail in Belleville stopped for refreshments in Madoc (shown here in the 1860s), two of the prime pieces of evidence, the scythe and the shotgun, were taken by an unknown person.

Locomotive at the entrance to the Rockies, circa 1923.

A pistol duel in the 1800s.

Augustin Le Bourdais strikes a calm pose in a photo taken many years after his death-defying ordeal.

Ione Christensen, September, 1948.

Miners cross Bonanza Creek about 1898.

Professor John Steckley of Humber College has written a Wyandot dictionary.

Portrait of Ned Hanlan, published in The Canadian Illustrated News, July 26, 1879.

Seabiscuit, the armoured vehicle used to protect the Trail heavy water plant and smelter from sabotage during World War Two.

Hamilton coach Jim Trimble.

Lillian Alling had to climb over thin summit on her way to Dawson.

Norman Kenny Luxton was a young journalist and adventurer when he met Captain John Voss in a Victoria bar, where the two plotted their 1901 voyage.

James Bruce, Earl of Elgin. Painting by Cornelius Krieghoff, about 1845.

London merchant Richard Hore, who organized the New World tourist expedition, decided that to reduce the financial risk he would have one of his two ships load up on codfish.

Movie poster for the re-release of Frankenstein: The Man Who Made a Monster.

Canadian-born, Second World War veteran and amputee Harold Russell captured two Academy Awards, making him the only actor to ever win two Oscars for the same role.

Academy award-winning actress, Norma Shearer, Douglas' sister. Douglas paid for her to travel to New York and embark on her modeling and acting career.

Seen here in 1926 on the set of Sparrows. Hollywood's first female superstar, Mary Pickford became "America's Sweetheart" playing sweet, innocent, but plucky heroines.

Murder victim Raoul Delorme.

Jack Warner of Warner Brothers.

Built in 1856, the “Croft Chapter House,” named after the venerated professor who used it as his chemistry laboratory at the University of King’s College (today’s University of Toronto), is a unique round structure that still stands today.

The Mountie began slowly in American fiction, appearing in bit parts in Jack London’s "A Daughter of the Snows"(1902), but then becoming very popular in the work of James Oliver Curwood "Steele of the Royal Mounted," 1911.

By the time the Beryl G was found adrift in Georgia Strait, prohibition was lifting through much of Canada.

Dickens commanding his men, Fort Pitt, c. 1885.

Hotel Balmoral

Gordon Toole on the trail in later life.

Eleventh Avenue looking west, a scene of terrible destruction.

Created by Morgan MacDonald, this memorial depicts the true story of a father and son who were found frozen in an embrace.

This image captures the enormity of the Frank Rockslide that devastated the small community in 1903.

Henry Hudson (Released 1976) A dense, relatively low-growing rugosa hybrid with good foliage. The pink buds open to semidouble white flowers. There are masses of bloom, but they don't drop cleanly.

The Stock Exchange building in Montreal, about 1905

A map detailing John Macoun's expeditions from 1872 through to 1880.

Blackfoot tobacco ceremonies in southern Alberta, circa 1910. Like other Plains cultures, the Blackfoot had age-graded men’s societies, each with its own distinctive songs, dances, and regalia.

Views of the garden planted by Mr and Mrs J.J. Wood at Moose Factory.

Camouflage netting hides the large D-day invasion fleet anchored in England, June 4, 1944.

MS St. Louis, filled with Jewish refugees, in Hamburg, Germany, 1939.

La Ronde, the amusement park at Expo 67.

Sir Donald Smith

Ethel Rogers marries British army doctor Denis Mulvany in India in 1933.

Sheep creek Laundry and Bath in British Columbia's East Kootenays, c. 1900.

John Edlund with his life-preserving valise.

Slotin at an unknown location, late 1930s or early 1940. He told his friends that he had fought in Spain.

1915 Canada West magazine Cover

An 1822 painting by Peter Rindisbacher of Metis hunting buffalo with guns. The Metis used firearms while groups native to the prairies tended to retain the use of bows.

Sir Wilfrid Laurier delivering a speech in Fort Erie, Ontario, in 1913.

Internees outside their sleeping tents at Elk Island National Park, Alberta, in the early 1930's. The destitute men banked hay bales around their tents to keep warm.

Lieutenant Donald I. Grant of the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit, who holds an Anniversary Speed Graphic Camera, England, 11 May, 1944.

Canadian Rangers on Operation Kigliqaqvik Ranger celebrate reaching the magnetic North Pole off Cape Isaachsen in 2002.

The supports are not so clearly visible in this picture; however, they are there, partly hidden by the snow.

Though only in her midtwenties when she met Rattenbury, Alma Pakenham had had a full life. She had buried one husband and divorced another, and was the mother of an infant son. A musician, she resumed a concert and songwriting career after the war.

River Street, circa 1912, looking west. River, along with Manitoba and View Streets, was the centre of vice in Moose Jaw in the early decades of the twentieth century.

Peter Vasilevich Verigin, second from left, in 1924, shortly before his death, with his companion Mary Strelaeff.

The Montreal Forum soon after it first opened in 1924. The arena was originally built for the Maroons.

Jim Christie and friend at Cabin Eight.

John Claus Voss, born in Germany in 1858, first went to sea at nineteen. Prior to his Tilikum journey, he was proprietor of a hotel in Chemainus, B.C.

The burning of the legislature of Canada. Engraving by John Henry Walker, 1850–1885.

Defenders of Eccles Hill Fenian Raid, near Franklin, Vermont, about 1870.

Soldiers read the Canadian Daily Record, a government-issued newspaper published to keep up morale.

Writer Pierre Berton's Maclean's article claiming workers at the Trail heavy water plant were controlled by a communist union.

Ned Hanlan and his sliding-seat scull, date unknown.

Winnipeg’s Leo Lewis (29) runs the ball as Hamilton defenders go for a tackle, Players lost sight of long passes and punts, and from the stands the game was quickly devolving into a confusion of shadows and grunts.

Wyandot artist Richard Zane Smith with his grandsons.

Front Street in Dawson City as it appears today.

Fort Selkirk Historic Site.

Canadian soldiers travelling by rail during 1885 Rebellion.

Margarine was illegal in Canada from 1886 to 1948.

The Reverend John Brennan, St. Michael's first curate and nephew to Michael Brennan, accompanied the Aylwards to the scaffold.

A 1300 edition of Magna Carta that will tour Canada in 2015.

Chipped stone tool used to cut or scrape various materials.

Miniature soapstone cooking pot with a stylized mountain landscape engraved at its base.

Bottom right quadrant of map, showing Kings County.

The cover of Maclean's on January 12, 1981, a few weeks before Terry reached his goal of raising a dollar for cancer research for every Canadian.

Pipe dating to around 1600.

George Atkins

From the From the Land: Materials & Message in Inuit Art Exhibition at the Winnipeg Art Gallery, 2014.

Water is served to thirsty walkers in Vancouver on May 3, 1969.

H.M. Wyckoff uses a hand-cranked camera while balanced in a kayak to shoot Romance of the Far Fur Country in 1919.

14/20 for Robert Bylot. He maxed out on risk, but fell a little short in other areas.

David Thompson was a surveyor and explorer who mapped routes across Western Canada from 1792 to 1812.

Ethel Neile, the Oregon mare, Dawson dance hall [girl], 1898, in rhinestone-trimmed black dress.

At Dog Tent Hill (now called Dog Den Butte, North Dakota), Thompson's party stays clear of a party of unfriendly Sioux on December 24,1797.

Norman Kittson

Lindy Louttit at Moose River School

Major General Frederick Middleton, on white horse, with various commanding officers of the North-West Field Force, by artist William Blatchly (1838–1903). Date unknown.

Born in Newfoundland in 1738 where his father served as governor, Sir Henry Clinton was appointed commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America in 1778. His 1779 Philipsburg Proclamation promised eventual freedom.

Playing card money from the 1600s looked similar to this circa 1900 playing card money.

Captain George Sharp drew this whimsical self-portrait, making light of the war... appearing unconcerned by the rambunctious rats around him. In fact, he received the Military Cross and bar for two acts of “great courage and devotion to duty.”

People of Nootka Sound by John Webber, an artist who accompanied Captain James Cook on his voyages.

The King Eddy's neon sign comes vividly to life at dusk in Calgary.

Corset made of silk, 1891. Maison Léoty (French, late 19th century).

Free Black family in front of home.

The funeral of Sir John A. Macdonald at Cataraqui Cemetery, Kingston, Ontario, 1891.

John A. Macdonald shares a drink with Montreal newspaperman John Dougall in this cartoon by John Henry Walker.

It was argued that voting would distract women from their roles as mothers and wives. This 1866 illustration from La Mode Illustrée presents an idyllic view of home life.

Lucien Dumais and Raymond LaBrosse in 1984, with a woman who was a member of the French Resistance. The former spies were in France to mark the 40th anniversary of the operation that rescued dozens of Allied airmen.

Beothuk carved bone pendants in the shapes of birds feet and feathers, with a one-dollar coin to show size.

Saint Kateri in stained glass

James Duffy, Breward Buxton; Milton Fenn; Tom Longboat; Jim Coritery

Colts on the pampa, c. 1930 by Pedro Figari, Uruguay,1861-1938.

Ottawa's Bytown Museum is haunted by strange footsteps.

Mark Twain on a train.

Digby Pier, Nova Scotia.

Rupert's Land in 1670, shown in green, covered the entire Hudson Bay drainage area.

Sa Ga Yeath Qua Pieth Tow (Brant), King of the Maquas. He was the grandfather of Joseph Brant, after whom Brantford, Ontario, was named.

Men work on the inside of the hull of Bluenose II at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, 1963.

Transfer of silk bales from a shed to a waiting CPR train.

Avro photographer Hugh MacKechnie photographs the Arrow in flight using a highspeed camera in a CF-100 chase plane.

Porcupine strike leaders in the Timmins, ON jail in 1913.

Target Pistol and Man, 1980.

Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.

Young refugess attend classes in a camp on Anambus Island, Indonesia, in 1980.

Among the first women to vote in Canada were Canadian military nurses stationed in France during World War I. To help him win the general election in 1917, Prime Minister Robert Borden extended the franchise to females in the armed forces.

Insane Asylum, Canada West, 15 August 1848, an ink and wash sketch by August Kollner.

Charles Davenport (1866–1944), American director of the Eugenics Record Office, was an eminent biologist who gave eugenics much of its scientific credibility. But its scientific claims actually obscured a number of research flaws.

A popular vote in favour of responsible government led to Philip Francis Little becoming Newfoundland’s first prime minister in 1855. The colony became a dominion in 1907.

The constitution of the Augustinian order enjoined the sisters to treat a patient as if he were Christ himself. Despite the primitive conditions under which they worked, the nuns were to exhibit neither distaste nor despair in their work.

The Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal, which is today a respected psychiatric hospital, was the site of CIA-funded mind-control experiments from 1957 to 1964.

Place Bonaventure, built between 1964 and 1968, contained a two-level retail arcade, topped by a 23,000-square-metre exhibition space, five levels of merchandising mart, an international trade centre, and a 400-room hotel.

Mrs. Thomas George Askey, née Isabel Julia Curtis. The beautiful Isabel Curtis was married at fifteen and whisked away to a cabin on the dark forested shores of what is now the town of Chemainus on Vancouver Island.

Alfred Jury, Helen's father - a Toronto tailor and well-known labour leader whose shop was a gathering place for political discussion.

With fellow doctors Joseph Morrin (left) and Charles-Jacques Fremont (right), James Douglas bought Robert Giffard de Moncel's manor house at Beauport and converted it into an insane asylum.

False portrait of Samuel de Champlain, based on an engraved portrait of Michael Particelli d'Emery by Balthazar Moncornet, dated 1654.

"Contact!" by Ted Zuber. This painting represents an event that took place on October 23-24, 1952, at "Little Gibraltor" Hill, Korea, in which friendly fire was called in to help stop Chinese soliders from overrunning Canadian positions.

Ex-POW George Griffiths downs his first Canadian-style meal in ten months; it will make him sick.

"Private Roy, Canadian Women's Army Corps." Oil on masonite.

Members of RAF 242 Squadron, a mostly Canadian squadron commanded by Douglas Bader, (fourth from left) who had artificial legs. Willie McKnight, (fifth from left, behind Bader) was Bader's wingman.

John McKinley Cameron in 1918. Though the Nova Scotia-born lawyer was a Conservative and a member of the Calgary establishment, he was also a vigorous advocate of social justice and the rights of all Canadians.

For a period in the late nineteenth century until 1905, a map of western Canada would have looked like this one.

Exterior of a Métis house, 1874. Engraving by Henri Julien.

The De Brou family tree from Austin's side.

Police chief Walter Johnson (centre, front) with the Moose Jaw police force, circa 1915. Johnson, chief from 1905 to 1927, took a pragmatic approach to the vice in the town.

For ambitious young man-about-town Francis Rattenbury, Florence Eleanor Nunn seemed an unlikely choice of bride. She was rather plain and retiring and her family was neither wealthy nor well-connected, but she had a sweet nature.

This great mass of rock was beyond the powers of the Toonik to raise. But the stones were apparently placed ready at the corners.

Canadian Rangers Paul Atagootak, Uluriak (Star) Amarualik, and Caleb Sangoya on Operation Nanook, Resolute, Nunavut, August 2010. Women started joining the Rangers in the late 1980s.

At Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan, conscientious objectors clear fire trails during the 1940s.

Lieutenant Frank L. Dubervill of the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit, holding an Anniversary Speed Graphic Camera, England, 11 May 1944.

Sir Wilfrid Laurier at a political meeting in Simcoe, Ontario, circa 1912.

Romany men pose for the photographer.

1921 Canada West magazine Cover

John Edlund floating in his life-preserving valise.

Logan's notebook

February 23, 1909: J.A.D. McCurdy flies the Silver Dart, the first powered flight in Canada.

Canada, Ontario, Quebec, and France pavilions at night.

Civilian prisoners in Singapore, circa 1945. They were required to bow to their Japanese captors during daily roll call.

Passengers aboard the Komagata Maru in Vancouver in 1914. They were not allowed to come ashore, and most had to return to India because of Canadian exclusion laws.

Landing Craft Assault (LCAs) going ashore from H.M.C.S. Prince Henry during a D-Day training exercise somewhere off the south coast of England circa May 1944.

Pembina, from a sketch by John Fleming, 1857.

Sir John. A.

Neglected site of the original McIntosh tree, Dundela, Ontario.

The tobacco society had exclusive responsibility for the cultivation of tobacco, which had both medicinal and ceremonial value. It served as a stimulant, a hunger and thirst depressant, and an analgesic.

Top Canadian Cold Spots.

Driving the last spike for the transcontinental railway at Craigellachie, British Columbia in 1885.

John Cabot (Released 1978) A very thorny, large-arching kordesii hybrid that can be used as a climber. The double flowers are dark orchid-pink. Has two main flushes of bloom and repeats much better if grown in full sun and fed well.

The Metropolitan Church (left) and the Y.W.C.A. (right) were just two buildings damaged by the Regina Cyclone of 1912.

Donna Morse in May 2011 at her home in southwestern British Columbia.

Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) is considered one of the founders of modern geography. In South America, he analyzed the cool ocean current named for him off the coast of Peru.

Survivors sift through the rubble of heavily damaged homes on Smith Street.

The Hotel Balmoral in modern day.

Dudley Do-Right, the lovely Nell, and the nefarious Snidely Whiplash.

Officer Francis Dickens, second from left, appears in this first known photograph of the North-West Mounted Police taken in 1874.

The Marsh test was a highly sensitive method used to detect arsenic. Developed by chemist James Marsh, trace amounts of arsenic — as little as 0.02 mg — would form a silvery-black deposit.

Walter Pidgeon

In 1968, Karloff shared a Grammy award for The Grinch Who Stole Christmas. This actor famous for horror roles won in the Best Recording for Children category.

Murder suspect — and half brother — Reverend Adélard Delorme.

In 1919, Pickford partnered with her then-husband Douglas Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin and D.W. Griffith to start the production company United Artists.

This lion, named Jackie, provided the first audible roar for MGM's Leo the Lion logo in the 1928 movie White Shadows in the South Seas.

Interior of a Métis house, 1874. Engraving by Henri Julien.

German prisoners of war at Whitewater Camp in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba, where they were held from 1943 to 1945.

Statement of death for James Francis De Brou (1900-1953) destroyed the author’s notion of French origins for either of his grandparents.

Nellie McClung, Alice Jamieson, and Emily Murphy, 1918. McClung and Murphy, along with Louise McKinney, Irene Palby, and Henriette Muir Edwards, were the Famous Five.

An 1881 image from a poster advertising the Inuit at the Hamburg zoo.

Beauport Lunatic Asylum

Stan Turner, one of the Canadian pilots who served during the Battle of Britain, circa 1940.

"Canadian Women's Corps Sleeping Quarters in the Administration Building, Oct 45, 1st Echelon, Bad Zwischenhan, Germany." Watercolour, ink, and graphite on paper.

"TOPP High" illustrates Ted Zuber's experience in a bomb shelter after a Scud missile strike during the Gulf War in 1991.

"Foundation of Quebec City by Samuel de Champlain 1608," a work in stained glass at the National Assembly in the parliament of Quebec. Made by Gauthier et frères in 1920.

The author (right) discusses a scene Liz Jarvis during a shoot for The Notorious Mrs. Armstrong.

Female pirates were rare, but not unheard of. This nineteenth-century image by an unknown artist depicts Charlotte de Berry, who, like Maria Lindsey Cobham, often wore a naval officer's coat.

The innovative Telephone Pavilion at Expo 67 featured a 360 degree film screen that surrounded the viewer. Its project architect was Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan-born Dorice Brown.

The mission of the sisters was to restore souls as well as bodies. Masses were said on the wards; devotional paintings were frequently changed; and each bed was dedicated to a particular saint.

John Zubek experiments with rats in the 1950s. Zubek began his career with Donald Hebb at McGill’s psychology department.

Susanna Moodie, a modern portrait made for the University of Toronto Press by John Elphick.

A couple of thousand year-round residents of Newfoundland were governed by the arbitrary rules of fishing admirals until 1729, when British naval Captain Henry Osborne established constables and justices of the peace.

"Better Baby” contest at Cathedral Parish, St. Paul, Minnesota. Such contests became popular at country fairs and exhibits throughout Canada and the U.S. The contests encouraged the “best and brightest” to procreate.

The road to today’s universal adult franchise has been not only incremental, it’s often been corrupt, violent, and not awfully democratic.

Refugees undergo medical screening at CFB Griesbach, Edmonton, 1979.

Soldier and Girl at Station, 1953.

Boxes of whiskey loaded on pier at Saint-Pierre during American Prohibition in the 1930s.

Christmas at an internment camp during the First World War. Internment of "enemy aliens" was not widely publicized.

Labor Day Winnipeg, 1908

Much of the film department’s work involved making enlargements and reproductions for the project’s engineers. Here they are taping a blueprint to a vacuum board.

Bluenose II in full sail in 1969.

A CPR silk train picks up speed as it leaves Vancouver.

Author and historian Carolyn Harris specializes in the history of royalty.

Neils Harbour lighthouse, Nova Scotia.

Grounded Icebergs (Disco Bay), c.1931 by Lawren Harris. Born 1885 in Brantford, Ontario, Canada; died 1970 in Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada.

The burning bride.

The remains of human skeletons and other items found at a Beothuk burial site. Photographed by Samuel .H. Parsons of St. John’s, Newfoundland, circa 1890–1900.

Tom Longboat takes the lead

The Motor Gun Boat 503 that evacuated "packages" from Operation Bonaparte.

Statue of Kateri washing her hair.

As this image from an 1897 medical text suggests, women were seen as too mentally unstable to participate in elections.

Macdonald created the the North-West Mounted Police in 1873.

Canada Mines Olympic Gold: The Winnipeg Falcons are depicted before they represent Canada in the 1920 Summer Olympic Games.

Scene from The Underground Railroad: Still keeping meticulous records of the Freedom Seekers who pass through his station.

The Lady's Newspaper and Court Chronicles targeted a female readership. The newspaper was published in London, English and became available in Canada in the late nineteenth century.

Sea otter by John Webber, an artist who accompanied Captain James Cook on his voyages.

Workers use a crane to remove the building's iconic neon sight.

This painting by Arthur Lismer, future Group of Seven artist, depicts the arrival of the Olympic in Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, December 14, 1918. The Olympic, a sister ship of the Titanic, transported 200,000 returning soldiers between 1914 and 1919.

Rose Fortune came to Nova Scotia with her family after the American Revolutionary War, likely in June 1784. She worked as a “trucker,” carrying baggage with a wheelbarrow for passengers travelling on the Saint John-Digby-Annapolis ferry.

This 1859 notice to postmasters indicates that charges will be made in decimal currency following the introduction of the Currency, which established decimal currency.

Cree Chief Poundmaker photographed at the police barracks in Regina, 1885.

Lindy and Anne

Lord Strathcona

Thompson greets the chief of a Mandan village on December 30, 1797.

A "fair" staker, 1898, dressed in practical clothing, boots and hat.

18/20 for Samuel de Champlain. We thought Champlain was the leader in all areas, losing points only for the scope of ground that he covered.

Between 1850 and 1857 Lady Jane Franklin funded five ships to search for her husband, explorer Sir John Franklin, thus contributing to the mapping of extensive portions of Canada’s north.

A St John Ambulance worker attends to a boy’s blistered foot during the 1969 Vancouver march.

Poster of the movie Nanook of the North.

From the From the Land: Materials & Message in Inuit Art Exhibition at the Winnipeg Art Gallery, 2014.

Dr. Gustave Gingras

Artifacts from Cupids, Newfoundland: Minted around 1561, this Elizabethan silver four-pence coin was uncovered east of the Cupids dwelling house.

Runners at Woodbine Beach in Toronto on September 17, 2000, during the annual Terry Fox Run.

Samuel Holland

Archaeology students taking part in the Great Plains stampede site excavation in 2002.

Wooden doll recovered on the floor of the entrance tunnel to a sod house.

The Royal Proclamation of 1763, which required the Crown to negotiate treaties with First Nations, has been described as the "Indian Magna Carta."

In 1862, John Sandfield Macdonald (1812-1872) was leader and attorney general in the Reform gov't of the Prov. of Canada. A Roman Catholic in a largely Protestant bloc, he was put in an unenviable position by the publicity surrounding the Aylward trail.

It was allegedly illegal to kill Sasquatch in British Columbia in the 1800s.

Local children hold a sign to greet the governor general, Viscount Alexander. Inscribed on the sign are the words, "Welcome to Selkirk–the coldest place in North America."

Lady Agnes Macdonald.

Miners in Dawson pay for supplies with gold dust in the fall of 1899.

First Nations students at the University of Winnipeg, where Cree and Ojibway are taught.

Bomber coach Bud Grant.

The Great Scullers Race on the St. Lawrence at Lachine, Canada, Oct 3, 1878. This cartoon by Currier & Ives shows Ned Hanlan, right, and his American rival, Charles Courtney, left.

Home Guards pose with captured Fenian artillery piece after the Battle of Eccles Hill.

Ruins of the Great Fire at Montreal. Engraving by John Henry Walker, 1850–1885.

Captain Voss had modified the native whaling canoe, traditionally propelled by paddles, with the addition of three masts, four sails, and a steering cockpit (among other things), effectively changing it into a sailing vessel.

One of the biographies about Boris Karloff.

Keystone Kop comedies owed their success to Mack Sennett's editing which gave them a manic energy. While other films were deferential to police, Sennett's comedies deliberately thumbed their noses at authority.

Jay Silverheels as "Tonto."

In 1823, a thesis on nine patterns found in fingerprints was published by University of Breslau professor John Evangelist Purkinji.

An early Henri Julien drawing depicting the Great March West: settings made for heroes.

Dr. Wilfrid Derome preparing ballistics evidence by rolling bullets onto carbon paper and examining the unique striations created when fired.

"The Siege of Fort Pitt," as depicted in the Canadian Illustrated War News; police and civilians were outnumbered and surrounded.

The Regent Hotel in 1923.

Heather Ann Phyllis registers to become a new RCMP recruit on September 16, 1974.

The path of the twister across Wascana Lake into the city centre.

Toole's team benighted near Snag.

John Macoun, at left examining a bird's nest and egg, had an interest in botany was nurtured in the fields and woods of the farm on which his parents settled.

Men pose against the damage caused by Regina’s 1912 cyclone.

David Thompson (Released 1979) A rugosa hybrid that forms a large, round shrub. The blooms are semi-double, deep mauve-pink with some white streaks toward the centre. The flowers lack form, but repeat bloom is excellent.

A 1913 postcard exaggerates claims of giant wheat crops in order to encourage immigration to Canada.

Two Blackfoot, Sun Calf (left, with tobacco pipe) and Jack Sun Calf, circa 1920.

Tree grown from a graft of the original McIntosh tree, Smyth's Apple Orchards, Dundela.

Vegetable garden at York Factory, 1880.

Dressage.

Members of the 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade come ashore at Nan White Beach during the D-day assault on June 6, 1944.

Attention-grabbing architecture

A boy in Africville, a black community in Halifax razed in the 1960s.

A portrait of Ethel Mulvany done by artist Joan Stanley-Cary while Mulvany was imprisoned in Singapore.

October 14, 1912: Thomas Wilby and Jack Haney ride in a 1912 REO, taking forty-nine days to cross Canada by automobile.

Marie Leclerc washing clothes outside her Cantal, Saskatchewan house, with a washing machine operated by a small motor, c. 1921.

A sketch from Logan's journal, 1843.

"The women present a fantastic appearance to say the least," wrote the Peterborough Evening Examiner.

1922 Canada West magazine Cover

Sub-Artic bow-hunters stalk caribou.

Sir Wilfrid Laurier on his last trip to Western Canada in 1911.

Lieutenant Ken Bell of the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit digging a slit trench in the Normandy beachhead, France, 10 June 1944.

Canadian Ranger Paul Atagootak instructs members of the Arctic Response Company Group on Operation Nanook 10 in Resolute, Nunavut, August 2010.

Alma Clarke was a bright and vivacious child, with a prodigious musical talent. After an early performing career, she married Vancouver realtor Caledon Dolling. She joined the French Red Cross after he died at the battle of the Somme in 1916.

By the 1920s, when this picture was taken, Chinese had taken roles in the service economy—opening laundries and restaurants—while being denied full rights of citizenship and broader economic opportunities in white-dominated society.

The journey of the Tilikum from 1901–1904.

Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine, about 1880.

Quarterback and family man Ken Ploen at home with his wife Janet and three children.

The Seattle Hotel in Dawson City, 1898.

High Park Toboggan Runs, 1914.

Train robber Bill Miner, circa 1906.

The Reverend Michael Brennan (1796-1869), first pastor of St.Michael's Roman Catholic Church, Belleville, was one of the leaders of sympathizers who sought to have the death penalty for Richard and Mary Aylward rescinded.

Projectile point, or stone tip, used on hunting weapons. It was designed to be used with a dart that was propelled by a spear thrower.

The map from Holland's second visit to P.E.I.

Thimble dating to between 1600 and 1650.

Terry Fox leaves city hall in St John's at the start of his Marathon of Hope on April 12, 1980.

Lucille Teasdale-Corti

First Nations people in traditional clothing were among those who watched the premier of Romance of the Far Fur Country at Winnipeg’s Allen Theatre in 1920.

A girl walks and reads during the 1968 Calgary event.

Captain Robert (Bob) Bartlett was a sea captain from Newfoundland who sailed with countless artic explorations. This included taking American Robert Peary to the North Pole in 1909.

The Gypsy Queen: Wife of Curley Monroe, Dawson; a variety singer, dancer, etc., bedecked in pearl bodice, choker, and crown.

"Lindy" Lindbergh John Louttit gravesite.

This passport belonged to Cato Ramsay, allowing him to immigrate. Some refugees without passports would be made to return to their place of origin — to a life of slavery. We see here that Ramsay gained his freedom by escaping to the British lines.

Chief Big Bear in police custody in Regina, circa 1885.

The front and back of an 1861 Confederate States of American half-dollar coin.

Illustration from the Ladies Home Journal, October 1900, contrasting the old Victorian corseted silhouette with the new Edwardian "S-bend" corseted silhouette.

The new National Music Centre begins to take shape.

Scene from The Underground Railroad: Freedom seekers escaping by boat under the cover of darkness.

Canada’s “Goal of the Century”: Canada’s NHL stars stand in line before a Summit Series game against the U.S.S.R in Moscow in 1972.

In 1885 he sent troops to quell the North-west Rebellion, led by Louis Riel.

Icelandic women in 1910 iron and starch the laundry. It was thought women were far too busy with domestic duties to take time off to vote.

Saint Kateri in front of Santa Fe Cathedral

Drawings by Shanawdithit, one of the last of the Beothuks, representing a variety of subjects, such as cups, spears and a “Red Indian devil.”

Tom Longboat: Marathon man.

Two Hummingbirds with an Orchid, 1875 by Martin Johnson Heade. Born 1819 in Lumberville, Pennsylvania, United States; died 1904 in St. Augustine, Florida, United States.

The "Burning Bride" has been seen on this staircase at the Fairmont Banff Springs Hotel.

Battery Point lighthouse, Nova Scotia.

Avro's film department did its own developing on-site.

Workers place a plank into position during the refurbishing of the Bluenose II.

Temporary living quarters at CFB Griesbach, Edmonton.

Montreal.-The Lachine Canal Laborers' Strike Henri Julien, January 5, 1878.

To Prince Edward Island, 1965.

Women and children at an internment camp in Quebec circa 1914-20. Internment of "enemy aliens" took place under the War Measures Act.

The Free French submarine Surcouf led an invasion of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon in December of 1941, which liberated the islands from the pro-Axis government of Vichy France during the Second World War.

Canadian militiamen stand over the dead body of Fenian John Rowe of Burlington, Vermont on 25, May 1870.

Union with Canada was considered in the early 1860s but the public quashed the idea in the 1869 election. The notion was revisited in 1895 after a series of disasters left Newfoundland destitute, but talks went nowhere.

John Zubek and an assistant prepare a special dome used in sensory deprivation experiments at his University of Manitoba laboratory in 1959.

Street scene, Toronto, 1851, a water-colour and pencil sketch by A. R.V. Crease.

Esther Marjorie Hill, the first woman graduate in architecture in Canada, on her graduation day, June 4, 1920. Her peers cheered but her professor refused to attend the ceremony.

Circa 1877: the sisters praying for the sick and injured.

"Foundation of the city of Quebec by Samuel de Champlain in 1608." Painting by Ambroise- Louis Garneray, 1848.

Born in Montreal, Zuber studied art at École des Beaux-Arts de Montreal, and constantly carried a sketchbook with him on the front lines in Korea.

Raymond LaBrosse, a Canadian spy, used this falsified identification document during his rescue missions in France.

"Canteen, Nijmegen, Holland." Oil and ink on canvas, 1945.

In April 1850, 172 inmates were transferred from the too-small manor house at Beauport to a new institution designed for 250 nearby.

An 1880 drawing shows Tigianniak with his dogs outside his tent.

Inaugurated on October 18, 2000, on Parliament Hill, this monument, entitled "Women are Persons!" honours the Famous Five.

Marriage certificate of James Francis De Brou and Margaret Amy Holdstock revealed the groom’s parents’ names and the author’s link to his English cousin, Austin. But the groom’s birthplace and date were at odds with other information.

Lawrence “Moon” Mullin (right), eleven years old. Mullin says he and other boys, including his cousin Ray (left), were recruited as tunnel crawlers to pass messages back and forth during Prohibition.

Francis Mawson Rattenbury was only twenty-five when he won the 1893 competition to design nothing less than the legislative buildings for the province of British Columbia.

Canadian Ranger TooToo, an Inuk from Churchill, Manitoba, relays information to Mobile Striking Force personnel in a Penguin snow vehicle during Exercise Bulldog II in 1954.

Lieutenant I. Macdonald (with binoculars) of the 48th Highlanders of Canada preparing to give the order to infantrymen of his platoon, San Leonardo di Ortona, Italy, 10 December 1943.

Alternative service workers pose under the entrance to Riding Mountain National Park in Manitoba.

Wilfrid Laurier's campaign poster for the 1908 federal election.

A painting by John White, of Martin Frobisher's second Arctic expedition, shows Inuit using bows in a skirmish with Frobisher's men in 1577.

Stephen George claimed to be chief of three tribes of approximately fifty people each. He was the father of Rosie, “the Gypsie Queen."

1923 Canada West magazine Cover

Logan's collecting basket

The "dolly" or washboard make, which has two corrugated boards for rubbing the dirt out.

Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian to reach outer space. He served as a payload specialist aboard the space shuttle Challenger.

Ethel Muvany's cookbook, a collection of recipes supplied by fellow civilian prisoners in Singapore during the Second World War.

Pavillion Mini-Rail

Eleanor Roosevelt, widow of former U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt, holds a copy of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.

The Supremes.

A pitchfork, unearthed at Fort Severn, and a hay-making scene at Rupert's House are reminders of the days when the HBC kept cattle on the shores of Hudson and James Bay.

Wounded Canadian soldiers at Courseulles-sur-Mer await transfer to a Casualty Clearing Station of the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps (R.C.A.M.C.) on June 6, 1944.

Allan McIntosh with the original McIntosh Red tree around the time it was damaged by fire in the 1890s.

John Franklin (Released 1980) A small shrub with dark foliage and continuous bloom. The flowers are semi-double with dark-red frilly petals. Very susceptible to blackspot and more tender than most Explorers.

By producing optimistic assessments of the prairies that supported the federal government's plans for the region, John Macoun became a favourite of the Conservative party.

This photo captures the remains of a house that was destroyed by the Newfoundland tsunami in 1929.

Christmas cheer at the Snag weather station.

The Regent Hotel in the modern-day.

In 1998, Gwen Boniface becomes the first woman commissioner of the Ontario Provincial Police.

To this day, RCMP headquarters receives letters from children saying they want to come to Canada and become Mounties. Others complain they visited Canada and didn’t see a single Mountie, unaware the red uniforms haven’t been worn in action since the '30s.

Dr. Rosario Fontaine, fresh from receiving a diploma in legal medicine from the University of Paris, was appointed assistant director of Montreal’s forensic science laboratory in 1922.

Mack Sennett gave up the Keystone trademark in 1917 when he dissolved his business partnership with D.W. Griffith & Thomas H. Ince. He organized a new production company called Mack Sennett Comedies.

Clipping from the Times of London for July 21,1921, reporting on the murder trial of John Louis De Brou, the author’s great-uncle (1887-1926); his prison photograph.

"Victory Japan Celebrations." Oil and watercolour on paper.

"Henry IV, King of France and Navarre", circa 1595, French school (16th century).

The nuns maintained high standards of cleanliness, disposed of wasted quickly, and - a novelty for the seventeenth century - provided each patient with his or her own bed.

The Winnipeg Free Press reports on Zubek's experiments in 1959.

Inuit leader Johannes Lampe, left, with Adrian Jacobsen and Kerstin Bedranowsky, grandson and great-grand-daughter of Johan Adrian Jacobsen, the ship captain who took the Inuit group to Europe in 1880.

To design his Toronto home, Group of Seven painter Lawren Harris chose Russin-émigré architect Alexandra Biriukova, who was the first woman to register with the Ontario Association of Architects.

Trained as a carpenter, George went wherever work was available.

A postcard depicting the union between Canada (beaver) and Newfoundland (dog) signed by Smallwood.

A twenty-franc note used during the 1950s and 1960s on St. Pierre and Miquelon. Today the islands use the euro.

A young refugees picks his first Canadian breakfast -- a box of cereal.

Montreal: the strike of labourers in the port. Anonyme - Anonymous, 1877.

This full-scale non-flying replica of the Avro Arrow, unveiled in October 2006, was built by Toronto Aerospace Museum volunteers. It took ten years to build.

The refurbished Bluenose II's interior sheathing begins to take shape.

Cliffs of Green River 1874 by Thomas Moran. Born Bolton, United Kingdom, 1837; died Santa Barbara, California, United States, 1926.

Ghost soldiers at the Plains of Abraham.

Private Tom Longboat buying a paper from a young French newspaper boy, June 1917.

Statue of Saint Kateri

This summer dwelling of the Beothuk as sketch by John Cartwright on his map of the Exploits River, circa 1773.

Physicist Irene Joliet-Curie accepts an honourary degree on behalf of her mother, Marie Curie, in 1921. Both won Nobel prizes. At one time it was argued that women were not intelligent enough to participate in politics.

Canadian spy Lucien Dumais used several false identities, including the name “Lucien Desbien,” while operating in France.

Donald Smith drives the last spike at Craigallachie, B.C., in 1885.

Scene from The Underground Railroad: Still is reunited with his brother Peter who has been “sold down the river” after Still’s mother escaped to the North.

Dominion of Canada’s paper money from 1898.

This painting is of spruce harvesting for aircraft production in B.C. Charles Simpson, an artist with the Canadian War Memorials Fund, first painted in England before dwindling resources forced the Fund to assign him to a subject closer to home.

The Capture of Batoche, a colour lithograph from an 1885 battlefield sketch by Sergeant Grundyand others.

C-FLUB Plane

On June 10, 1799, Thompson marries Charlotte Small, who was of Cree and Scottish ancestry. She becomes Thompson's devoted wife for 59 years, accompanying him on many of his travels and bearing him 13 children.

At Dawson-Klondike, July 1900. George A. Jeffery, Mrs. Deborah S. Wickersham, James Wickersham, his son Howard, Albert R. Heilig and son Reed, Mrs. Heilig and her daughter Florence (front, right).

Originally from Manitoba, Vilhjalmur Stefansson was the founder and leader of the 1913–1918 Canadian Arctic Expedition.

Kathy Knowles

Terry Fox near Thunder Bay on September 1, 1980, the final day of his Marathon of Hope.

Chipped stone tool used to cut or scrape various materials.

Nisga'a leader Frank Calder speaks with reporters February 8, 1973, following a meeting with Prime Minister Trudeau after the Supreme Court of Canada affirmed Aboriginal rights under what one judge called the "Indian Magna Carta" of 1763.

William Henry Draper (1801-1877) became the first colonial politician to be styled "premier." In 1856 he became chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas of Upper Canada, the position he held when the Aylwards were brought before him.

Poster of Jumbo the elephant, circa 1880s.

The Pigeon Hill (Eccles Hill) Camp of the 60th Battalion, which played a major part in the Fenian Raid of 25 May 1870.

After a mob sets fire to the Parliament Building in Montreal, the capital moves to Toronto. However, there is continuing debate about the most suitable location for the seat of government.

From the bow, the Tilikum today as she sits in the Maritime Museum of British Columbia.

James Newill played Sergeant Renfrew of the RCMP in a series of films in the late 1930s. The Renfrew character first appeared in the novels of Laurie York Erskine in the early 1920s.

1910 - Creation of the world’s second forensic science laboratory in Lyon, France, headed by Edmond Locard.

In 1878 Dr. William Hodgeson Ellis testified at a rape murder case using bloodstain pattern analysis.

The Patricia Hotel and Café in 1917.

In 2006, Beverley Busson is appointed, on an interim basis, as the RCMP’s first female commissioner.

Weathermen near Snag airport, February 1947.

John Palliser (at left), sportsman and heir to an Irish landowner, explored western Canada for nearly three years, from 1857 to 1860, as the instigator and leader of the Palliser Expedition.

The 1946 earthquake in Courtenay, B.C. caused major damage to the streets.

Champlain (Released 1982) A small shrub that shows its Floribunda heritage in its masses of bloom. The semi-double flowers are deep red and repeat profusely all season. One of the most popular (and least hardy) Explorers.

The 1996 Canadian Silver Dollar coin, designed by artist Roger Hill, to commemorate "Canada's Premiere Apple".

German prisoners captured during the D-Day assault are marched along a beach prior to embarking for England circa July 5, 1944.

Cumberland House, from a sketch by John Fleming, 1858.

Canadian tire.

A Syrian refugee family arrives in Toronto in December 2015.

A quilt made at Changi prison in 1942 by female internees.

A wheel odometer, a distance-measuring device, this wooden odometer is wheeled along the ground and counts revolutions to gauge the distance covered.

1923 Canada West magazine Cover

The Roma travelled by horse-drawn wagon in 1909.

An Inuit man in Alaska hunts with a bow and arrow, circa 1905.

Sir Wilfrid Laurier and his wife Zoe celebrate their fiftieth wedding anniversary in 1918.

A bunkhouse for interned relief workers at Riding Mountain Park, Manitoba, during the early 1930s. The men slept two in a bunk.

The Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit shooting a film about the production of the United Kingdom edition of the Maple Leaf newspaper, London, England, 7 June 1945

Rattenbury’s design for the B.C. Legislature, a pastiche of Romanesque and Italianate style with a nod to neo-Gothic, was chosen from sixty-seven entries. The public was galvanized by its grandeur when it opened in 1898.

From the stern, the Tilikum today in the Maritime Museum of British Columbia.

Government rotates Parliament between Toronto and Quebec City every four years, a system known as perambulation. When the building in Quebec accidently burns down, the government moves to the Quebec Music Hall and Courthouse.

Silk train illustration which appeared in the December 2005-January 2006 issue of The Beaver.

Terry Fox, with Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau on July 2, 1980, demonstrates how his prosthetic leg works.

Craig Kielburger

Jessie Jones dressed up in costume for a performance on stage as Richelieu in 'Article 5th.'

A canoe brigade traversing Lake of the Woods is intercepted by local aboriginals demanding toll to permit passage through their territory.

“The Sirius” plane.

A Grip magazine cartoon dated May 23,1885, depicts Prime Minister John A. Macdonald’s indecision over the fate of Louis Riel after the Metis leader’s surrender.

S. Chatwood Burton painted a German pilot leaping from a burning aircraft. We know that he could not survive the fall, since pilots were not issued with parachutes. Above, the British winner of this dogfight continues on. Burton enlisted August 1918.

William Still portrait.

A poster advertising war savings stamps.

The town of Plouha, France, where Allied airmen were hidden until they could be evacuated.

It was feared that women would become "unladylike" if they voted, perhaps resembling the male voter shown in this early twentieth century satirical cartoon.

La sombra del Popo, 1942 by Gerardo Murillo “Dr. Atl”, Mexico, 1875-1964.

Brewing beyond the grave, Alexander Keith.

Lou Wise, at the airfield.

Low Point lighthouse, Nova Scotia.

Float of the Steel Company of Canada Ltd. in the Labour Day Parade.

The new Bluenose II with a fresh coat of paint.

Saint-Pierre is known for its colourfully painted houses.

"Never give to Canada the right of taxing us."

An unidentified test subject is fitted with electrodes for one of John Zubek’s experiments.

Helen Armstrong with daughters in Winnipeg.

Design for a circular school by Quebec architect Janet Leys Shaw Mactavish, printed in Canadian Builder, October 1956.

Huron, Montagnais, and Algonquin warriors perform a war dance in 1609 outside Champlain’s Quebec habitation, under the looming shadow of Cap Diamant, in this 1978 illustration, "Champlain," by Jean-Léon Huens.

Lieutenant Molly Lamb painting, June 1945.

The Beauport Asylum still exists, but now looks more like one of the prisons from which James Douglas liberated his first patients.

The De Brou family tree from Dave's side.

The chateau style was the signature of CPR hotels at the turn of the century, which Rattenbury accommodated in his design for Victoria’s Empress Hotel. By 1906, frustrated at demands for last-minute changes to his plans, he resigned from the project.

A German POW with a dugout canoe built by the prisoners at Whitewater Camp in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba, during the Second World War.

The title frame for one of the film unit's productions.

Early twentieth-century quiver and snakeskin-covered bow used by the Blackfoot of the Alberta Plains.

1925 Canada West magazine Cover

Logan's 1863 map of the geology of Canada.

A Rinso ad from the February 1934 edition of Chatelaine.

Early Rose potatoes, a variety shipped through the Bay, perhaps a century ago.

Rifleman R.A. Marshall of the Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada points out a hole in his helmet made by a German sniper’s bullet. Near Bretteville-Orgueilleuse, France, June 20, 1944.

Apple harvest at Abbotsford, Quebec, 1930s.

Charles Albanel (Released 1982) A low growing, very hardy rugosa hybrid with deep-pink, double, fragrant flowers that repeat very well. An excellent short shrub.

Proposed and actual routes of the Canadian Pacific Railway.

A man surveys the damage to Courtenay Elementary School in B.C. after an earthquake shook the area in 1946.

The first female mounties stand for inspection during graduation cereonies at the Regina Depot on March 3, 1975.

RCAF plane at Snag airport; a link to "outside".

The Patricia Hotel/403 Hastings.

A Study in Scarlet, the first Sherlock Holmes mystery by Author Conan Doyle, was published in 1887.

Official word has always been that the governor general, Lord Dufferin, wanted the police to wear the imperial red of the Empire; this way the NWMP would be easily distinguishable from the U.S. Cavalry, who wore a more traditional police blue.

Sir Lomer Gouin, attorney general and premier of Quebec, creates the first forensic lab in North America. It opens in Montreal in 1914.

Molly Lamb Bobak

Map of New France

Submiting to immobilization in Zubek’s lab. Few could endure more than twelve hours of complete immobility.

With economic stability restored, voters in 1948 chose between commission government, self-government, or union with Canada. Union won by fifty-two percent on a second referendum and Joseph Smallwood became the first premier in 1949.

Refugees prepare to board a bus that will take them to their sponsor community.

Gabarus lighthouse, Nova Scotia.

Lady in red spooks guests at the Fairmont Hotel Vancouver.

Black Mesa Landscape, New Mexico/Out Back of Marie’s II, 1930 by Georgia O’Keefe, United States, 1887—1986.

Raymond LaBrosse in New York in 1964.

Statue of Tom Longboat.

Examples of Diefendollars that made their way across the country.

Soldier-artist Daniel Sherrin painted this work while hospitalized in London, England. He had fought at the Battle of Flers-Courcelette, France, in September 1916, when tanks were used for the first time.

A young "Lindy" Lindbergh John Louttit

Turbulent rapids make canoeing hazardous for fur traders who must follow a narrow section of the Winnipeg River.

Kate Rockwell (perhaps Klondike Kate). ca. 1899.

Higilaq, along with her husband Ikpukkuaq, shared Inuit traditions and ways of life with researcher Diamond Jenness during the 1913–1918 Canadian Arctic Expedition.

Terry Fox watches a national telethon in his honour from his hospital bed on September 9, 1980.

Over the Rockies in an Observation Car, an 1891 woodcut by Charles Graham.

1920 - Dr. Wilfrid Derorme publishes his textbook Précis de médecine légale.

In 1890, Alphonse Bertillon discovers that each individual fingerprint has unique characteristics. Fingerprinting quickly gains recognition.

Photographic proof, taken at Mayo, 3 February 1947.

Residents of Winnipeg navigate the 1950 floodwaters on a makeshift wooden path.

William Baffin (Released 1983) Most vigorous, one of the hardiest. Its upright form allows it to be used as a climber or a dense shrub, but it must be well fed to perform its best. The semi-double, bright-pink blooms are produced prolifically all season.

The McIntosh accounts for over half of the 17 million bushels of apples produced in Canada every year.

The first nursing sisters of the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps to land in France after D-Day, July 17, 1944.

Cattle at Fort St. James.

1949 Procter & Gamble advertisement for laundry soap.

Rising 1,150 metres above sea level, Mount Logan, Quebec, 200 kilometres west of the town of Gaspé, is one of two mountains dedicated to William Logan.

1927 Canada West magazine Cover

Internees working at a gravel pit in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba, in August 1933.

Private Nadie Manning of the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit in a film vault at Merton Film Studios, London, England, 19 December 1944.

Scottish immigrants in Quebec, circa 1911.

Dr. R. M. Anderson was a mammalogist and zoologist who extensively documented arctic flora and fauna during the 1913–1918 Canadian Arctic Expedition.

Possibly Fabruda Manzar, famed "Little Egypt" of Chicago World's Fair, who later performed in Skagway and Dawson during the gold rush.

On July 31, 1824, Thompson's party sets up a stone marker to designate a northwest corner of Lake of the Woods.

Future Group of Seven artist A. Y. Jackson painted the ruined French village of Riaumont as the fighting raged around him. Jackson enlisted in June 1915 and was wounded a year later. While recuperating he painted for the Fund.

This is one of three 1936 Canadian pennies with a dot below the date. One of these three coins was auctioned off for $402,500 in 2010.

The deserted beach in Dieppe.

Classic Landscape, 1931 by Charles Sheeler. Born 1883 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; died 1965 in Dobbs Ferry, New York, United States.

Polly want a stiff drink? Parrot haunts a gold-rush era hotel.

Cape Forchu lighthouse, Nova Scotia.

A stamp issued by Newfoundland in 1894.

Zubek, circa 1959–1960, after spending nearly fifteen days in the isolation dome. He is wearing translucent goggles and has been listening to “white noise” for the duration of his stay.

A bunkhouse for interned relief workers at Riding Mountain Park, Manitoba, during the early 1930s. The men slept two to a bunk.

Sergeant A.H. Calder of the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit, who carries a camera and tripod, examining one of the miniature two-man submarines discovered in a shipyard at Kiel, Germany, 18 May 1945

1927 Canada West magazine Cover

McLeod's Lake, 1906.

Lieutenant Leslie Herbert Browne of the Royal Canadian Engineers plays his David Glen bagpipes aboard a ship en route to France on D-Day, 6 June 1944.

Ontario apple logo.

Henry Kelsey (Released 1984) A kordesii hybrid with semi-double, dark-red flowers with showy yellow stamens. It blooms prolifically, but the lower leaves may blackspot. This rose has hardiness problems in the coldest areas.

Fingerprints were first used in 1892 to prove guilt when Argentine police officer Juan Vucetich proves guilt of murderer Francisca Roja.

Lotus Hotel, 1918.

1931 - Dr. Wilfrid Derorme dies.

The hooding of prisoners is seen by some as an outgrowth of sensory deprivation research. This hooded Iraqi became a symbol for abuses at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq in 2004.

The Caribou Hotel in Yukon is haunted by the ghost of Bessie Gideon and her parrot. She is pictured fourth from left.

Baía de Guanabara Vista da Ilha das Cobras, c.1830 by Félix Emile Taunay. Born 1795 in Montmorency, France; died 1881 in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil.

The Ker'yan Manor in Penhars, Quimper, where Captain Dumais resided for a time.

Cyril Barraud became an official war artist in Nov. 1917. The drawings he made are some of the only remaining depictions of buildings destroyed during the war. Here, three Canadian soldiers sit with the distant smoke of Ypres rising in the back.

Lucy Lovell, Dawson dance hall (actress). Chair is made of antler and horn.

Patsy Klengenberg, the son of a Danish trader and an Inupiat woman, served as the interpreter on the 1913–1918 Canadian Arctic Expedition.

Wartime poster for film about Chinese Labour Corps.

After his earlier consultations with Dr. Wilfrid Derome, J. Edgar Hoover opens the FBI forensic lab in 1932.

Alexander Mackenzie (Released l985) A vigorous arching shrub with soft-red, fragrant blooms and healthy foliage, except for a little blackspot on the lower leaves. It is relatively hardy but may suffer some dieback in very cold areas.

Lotus Hotel, modern day.

The Macintosh Computer.

Signalman Owen Dolan (left) and Leading Seaman Chuck Roman, dressed as German soldiers, celebrate the news of D-Day aboard H.M.C.S. Prince David, June 9, 1944.

Fort Langley, 1894.

Second World War Japanese internees arrive at the Yellowhead-Blue River Road project, a 200 km highway between Jasper, Alberta and Bluer River, British Columbia.

Sergeant Alan Grayston of the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit filming a Canadian demonstration of German infantry tactics, Polegate, England, 28 March 1943

Train and tourist in the Rockies, circa 1954.

May Stanley, Dawson dance hall girl.

Canadian Gyrth Russell became an official war artist in early 1918. “I hated [the war]... it was [not] just the fear of death... but... of being buried alive in a filthy trench and my body serving to fertilize a French peasant’s crop of root vegetables!”

Rebel in a frock coat... could it be William Lyon Mackenzie?

Cañada de Metlac, 1893 by José María Velasco. Mexico, 1840—1912.

A group of interned Japanese-Canadian men at a road camp on the Yellowhead Pass, March 1942.

An apple tree said to be planted in 1826 by Dr John McLoughlin at Fort Vancouver from seeds brought from England by A Emilius Simpson.

John Davis (Released 1986) A vigorous arching plant with healthy foliage that can be used as a climber if well fed. The medium-pink, lightly fragrant flowers repeat all season. The plant can survive temperatures of -35°C with no damage.

During the Guay trial, involving the explosion of a plane in Quebec, forensic analysis of debris is admitted into evidence for the first time.

The New Fountain Hotel in 1969.

Sergeant Gordon D. Petty of the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit taking cine pictures beside a shell-damaged building near Hoogerheide, Netherlands, 15 October 1944.

Cataras del Iguazú (Iguazú Falls), 1916 by Pedro Blanes Viale. Uruguay, 1879-1926.

Mackenzie House in Toronto is said to be haunted by William Lyon Mackenzie.

First World War internees at Yoho National Park, British Columbia, clearing a new road along Kicking Horse Canyon.

Frederick Clemesha’s tranquil print is of Château d’Olhain, a Canadian billet in northern France. His wartime experiences, however, were far from tranquil. He was a member of the “Suicide Battalion,” which had a 91.5 percent casualty rate.

Rose Blumkin, Dawson fairy, 1898.

Riding the rails near Frank, Alberta, circa 1930.

Funeral of Sergeant Jimmie Campbell of the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit, Fleur-sur-Orne, France, 22 July 1944.

Captain Samuel Holland (Released 1992) A vigorous kordesii hybrid with long, arching shoots that can be used as a pillar or climber. The clusters of deep-pink flowers open flat. The plant is extremely healthy, hardy and repeats well.

The New Fountain/21-53 West Cordova.

Fort Vancouver 1845, from a drawing by Lieutenant H. J. Warre.

School train near Chapleau, Ontario, circa 1950.

John Humphries’ untitled watercolour depicts an ambulance and a soldier on horseback, making their way down a wet road at sunset. In 1919, a house He billeted became “a shrine to Canadians” after he painted images on the walls.

The ghosts of Signal Hill include a mother mourning the loss of her baby.

Fort Nisqually.

Camp Otter, a First World War internment camp at Yoho National Park, British Columbia.

Frontenac (Released 1992) This compact shrub has semi-double, medium-pink flowers with white at the base of the petals. Frontenac is very floriferous, healthy, hardy and makes an excellent small specimen.

Sergeant Karen M. Hermeston of the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit during the VJ-Day celebrations in Picadilly Circus, London, England, 10 August 1945. Hermeston photographed the work of the Canadian Women's Army Corps.

Spirits on the move in Calgary's Heritage Park Historical Village.

Douglas Culham shows men and horses transporting ammunition needed for guns during the chaos of the Battle of Passchendaele. At Passchendaele, Culham and his fellow soldiers used horses to bring ammunition to the guns every night.

Confederation train, Montreal, 1967.

Louis Jolliet (Released 1992) A large shrub with long, thorny canes. The plant blooms profusely and the double, deep-pink decorative flowers appear in clusters along the stems.

Haying at Lower Fort Garry, 1860.

William Beatty painted the aftermath of a massive explosion. Deeply disturbed by the destructive power of modern warfare, Beatty, a veteran of the 1885 Northwest Resistance, stopped wearing his campaign medal when he returned to Canada.

Disaster victims haunt restaurant that used to be the funeral home that handled the fatalities from the Titanic and the Halifax Explosion.

Simon Fraser (Released 1992) A small, sprawling shrub with glossy leaves and salmon-pink flowers. Often a young bush produces single flowers, but as the plant matures the flowers grow several more petals. Seems prone to mildew and blackspot.

Victims of the Titanic are among those who supposedly haunt the Five Fishermen Restaurant in Halifax.

This watercolour by Vivian Cummings is a rare depiction of a poppy field on the Western Front. It may have been inspired by John McCrae’s popular 1915 poem, In Flanders Fields, which made the poppy a well-known symbol of remembrance.

Soldier-artist Thurston Topham had only been in France for two weeks when he painted this watercolour. He captures part of the June 1916 bombardment of the village of Fricourt that opened the five-month Battle of the Somme.

George Vancouver (Released 1994) A semi-double, decorative dark-red bloom that becomes pink with age and repeats well all season.

Captain Geoffrey d’Easum has drawn Hospital Corner, a sheltered spot near Vimy Ridge in France. The Pimple, the northernmost tip of the ridge, is visible in the distance. D’Easum enlisted in May 1916, later receiving the Military Cross.

Quadra (Released 1995) A velvety red rose with very double blooms. They have a light fragrance, bloom in clusters and repeat well all season. The plant is disease-free, hardy and can be used as a climber.

Marie-Victorin (Released 1998) The buds and newly opened flowers are pale peach, which is an unusual colour in a hardy rose.

William Booth (Released 1999) The last rose in the Explorer series. The single, red flowers have white eyes and repeat well. The bush is quite vigorous and can be used as a pillar.

Explorer Rose: Lambert Closse (Released 1995)

Explorer Rose: J.P. Connell (Released 1987)

Explorer Rose: Royal Edward (Released 1995)

Explorer Rose: De Montarville (Released 1997)

Explorer Rose: Nicolas (Released 1996)